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Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 79(5): 396-407, oct. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-729403

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir el perfil de las mujeres adscritas al Programa de Violencia, Punta Arenas, Chile, y que han presentado violencia física durante el embarazo. Método: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, con diseño descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se entrevistó a 59 mujeres, utilizando el Instrumento de la OMS sobre la violencia contra las mujeres Versión 9.1 para Chile modificado. Resultados: La prevalencia de violencia durante el embarazo fue 28,8 por ciento. En su mayoría el agresor fue la pareja y el 52,9 por ciento declaró que los golpes o patadas fueron en el abdomen. El 100 por ciento presento violencia psicológica, física leve y grave y 70,6 por ciento violencia sexual. El 58,8 por ciento tenía entre 15 a 29 años al momento de vivenciar la violencia, el 35,5 por ciento completó la enseñanza media, de religión católica, trabajan fuera del hogar, convivían, tenían tres o más hijos y con estrato socioeconómico medio y medio bajo. Las manifestaciones de violencia que se relacionaron con violencia física en el embarazo fueron la presencia de manifestaciones de violencia física leve: abofeteado o tirado cosas que pudieran herirla (p=0,000) y violencia física grave: golpeado con su puño u otra cosa que pudiera herirla (p=0,006), pateado, arrastrado o dado una golpiza (p=0,004), estrangularla a propósito (p=0,010), presencia de lesiones (p=0,048). Los factores que se relacionaron con la presencia de violencia física en el embarazo fueron el nivel educacional de la pareja (p=0,047), condición laboral de la mujer (p=0,018) y antecedentes de peleas físicas en la pareja con otros hombres (p=0,046). Conclusión: Los hallazgos obtenidos permiten identificar precozmente a las embarazadas con mayor riesgo de violencia, y permiten ofrecer una intervención oportuna, minimizando las graves consecuencias que tiene para la mujer y los hijos.


Aim: To describe the profile of the women assigned to the Violence Program who have submitted physical violence during pregnancy in Punta Arenas, Chile. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study with a quantitative approach. 59 women were interviewed using the WHO instrument on violence against women, modified Version 9.1 for Chile. Results: Prevalence of violence during pregnancy corresponded to 28.8 percent. Most of the time, the aggressor was the intimate partner and 52.9 percent declared that the blows or kicks were in the abdomen. 100 percent presented severe and mild physical and psychological violence, and 70.6 percent presented sexual violence. 58.8 percent were between 15 and 29 years at the time of experiencing violence. 35,5 percent were catholic women who have finished high school, worked outside home, lived together with an intimate partner, had three or more children, and belonged to a middle and lower middle socioeconomic strata. Manifestations of violence which were related to physical violence during pregnancy were slapping or throwing things that could hurt them (p=0.000). Severe physical violence included punching or being hurt with something that could hurt them (p=0.006); kicking, dragging on the ground or being beaten (p=0.004); strangling on purpose (p=0.010), and appearance of injuries (p=0.048). Factors related to manifestations of physical violence in pregnancy were: intimate partner's educational level (graduated high school or less than high school education (p=0.047), employment status of women (p=0.018) and the intimate partner history ofphysical fights with other men (p=0,046). Conclusion: The findings obtained in this study give us the opportunity to visualize the phenomenon of physical violence during pregnancy, contributing to early identification of pregnant women at increased risk in order to provide timely intervention, minimizing the serious consequences for women and children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Battered Women/statistics & numerical data , Violence Against Women , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
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